B) become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion. D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion. How often do you hear people criticizing groups without knowing anything about them? QUESTION 23 The tendency to apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures is known as cultural relativism cultural universalism ethnocentrism egocentrism QUESTION 24 Foraging societies practice what . The frustration-aggression principle most clearly applies to individuals with higher-than-average levels of: Log in Join. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. B) This sends subtle cues to the applicant that she is not being taken seriously, is not a good fit for the job, or is not likely to get hired. Joie, age 19, is a Black female university sophomore. Such a question would be preposterous if you were only surrounded by members of your own group. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as ., The underlying reason why stereotype threat can undermine the performance of members of a group with respect to some ability is that the experience of stereotype threat fosters ., In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs . c. deindividuation. They are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but nonetheless biased, unfair, and disrespectful to a belief in equality. Just ask yourself if youve ever been asked, What are you? This question is frequently asked to people about their ethnicity, national origin, gender identity, religion, and other group affiliations. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Male 3: I don't want you looking over my shoulder all the time. In the context of distinctiveness, you are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as: When the British made a group of German civilians walk through a concentration camp at the close of World War II, one German responded: "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. The tendency to favor their ingroup develops quickly in young children, increasing up to about six years of age, and almost immediately begins to influence their behavior (Aboud, 2003; Aboud & Amato, 2001). 3. She goes against the common idea of older adults as being weak or unhealthy. Module 43 Questions Flashcards | Quizlet Group-serving bias is the tendency to make more favorable attributions about our ingroups than our outgroups. Like SDO, there does appear to be an association between this ideology (i.e. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: "Teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. Identities are not so simple, but maybe as the 21st century unfurls, we will recognize each other by the content of our individual character instead of against the backdrop of stereotypes. This illustrates, Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called, Research participants believed that the Ash conformity test involved a study of, Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that it's not. 0 . Solved QUESTION 23 The tendency to apply one's own cultural | Chegg.com In the abstract these mental maps can help us understand how to interact with new people based on educated guesses about their category. In other words, ingroup bias denotes positive feelings towards one's ingroup, while outgroup bias denotes negative feelings towards outgroups. We group household objects together as furniture, certain domestic animals as pets, and certain books as classics. Categories are helpful because they provide a mental roadmap for how to interact in novel situations. This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. A groups position on the dimensions of warmth and competence dictate whether we relate to its members with admiration, dehumanizing contempt, competitive envy, or paternalistic caretaking. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. python 3d scatter plot with labels; This is an example of: Elena's boss fires her because he is downsizing his company. (b) Find the partial derivatives of the demand functions w.r.t. The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. People higher on SDO tend to choose and thrive in occupations that maintain existing group hierarchies (police, prosecutors, business), compared to those lower in SDO, who tend to pick more equalizing occupations (social work, public defense, psychology). d. Catharsis. What term describes the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more The stereotype content model attends to two major dimensions of evaluating other people: warmth and competence. (2020). d. the blame-the-victim phenomenon. direction a . Altemeyer, B. These four kinds of stereotypes and their associated emotional prejudices (see Figure 2) occur all over the world and apply to each societys own groups. This statement best reflects the: Victoria is a fifth grader in Carson Elementary School. More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some people held hostile views of Asian-Americans, who they perceived as being associated with the coronavirus (Misra, Le, Goldmann & Yang, 2020). One aggression-replacement program has brought down re-arrest rates of juvenile offenders by: Intergroup bias. (2004). In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). 2022. Refusing to hire qualified job applicants because of the color of their skin is to engage in: Nestor belongs to the cross-country ski club at his college but is not a member of the downhill ski club. This behavior is best explained in terms of: Your textbook defines _____ as a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. Neither realized, however, that Sabina needed the car only in the early evening and that Pablo needed it only in the late evening. C) a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Scapegoat Theory: . Devine and her colleagues (2005) note that automatic prejudices subside when ________. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Finally, the tendency to categorize can be associated with discrimination. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to, The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as, Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. First, people are interested in understanding the intentions of others. This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. 2. an inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for violent crimes. Understand 21st century biases that may break down as identities get more complicated. 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice - Principles of Social Psychology social class, family, football team etc.) a. The tendency for people to believe the world is Just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. University of Houston. Could you feel that some associations are easier than others? 3. a special and definite purpose in a novel or other literary work. It pays the utility bill during July. By understanding this natural human tendency, you can focus on finding ways to cut other people a break and to stop expecting the worst. Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of, A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage, Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to, Deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers, Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because, The "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. Receives a utility bill on July 2 totaling $4,560 for services received during June. The girls are reacting to: Your new roommate is from Ireland. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). What does the term multicultural mean? quiz 5 psych 312.docx - Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Hanna overcriticizes him for minor errors. The tendency to favor one's own . For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. This phenomenon is known as ________. However, regardless of political ideology, RWA focuses on competing frameworks of values. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. Just 80 years ago, American college students unabashedly thought Turkish people were cruel, very religious, and treacherous (Katz & Braly, 1933). However, to justify preferential treatment, people often exaggerate the differences between their in-group and an outgroup. Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). c. frontal lobes a. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. For example, ethnic Asians living in the United States are commonly referred to as the model minority because of their perceived success in areas such as education, income, and social stability. This best illustrates, Social loafing referes to the tendency for people to, Exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal. (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. This best illustrates. With this preferential perspective for ones own group, people are not punishing the other one so much as neglecting it in favor of their own. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Despite its name, though, RWA is not necessarily limited to people on the right (conservatives). social identity theory | Definition, History, Examples, & Facts Like stereotypes, prejudice is a bias against people based on their group membership. They prescribe "proper" behavior. They are Canadian, or fans of Manchester United, or are doctors. Black people tend to dress pretty much alike. They are motivated by . The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. Unfortunately, even when some countries have created legal protections, they thought that equality applied to only select groups. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. Betty and Tina are in the third grade. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike . Self-serving bias can spill over into the groups we identify with. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. A simple way to understand these mixed feelings, across a variety of groups, results from the Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). b. prejudice. swissworld: paysages, Pregntale a otro(a) estudiante qu pide en un restaurante en las siguientes situaciones. Duverger's law - Wikipedia Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). a. groupthink bias b.ingroup bias c.outgroup bias d. intergroup bias According to current research of aggression, which of the following statements is.